This reduces costs by reducing the amount of material used. Due to this advantages, hypar can be produced in more delicate dimensions than other forms. The torsional force acting on the surface is less than the tensile and compressive force and is generally prevented by side beams. That is to say, the buckling response caused by the compressive force acting in one direction is prevented by the tensile force acting in the other direction. It has constant and equal shear stresses at every point thanks to its anticlastic curvatures.

Hypar, is generally a shell structure transfer the load with surface activity. If it’s needed to objectify hypar it is a form that resembles the passage between two mountains, the form of a chips or the saddle of a horse. If so, the sections taken from the surface give hyperbola and parabola as on the curved edge surface. Hyperbolic paraboloid surfaces with straight edges are formed by shifting the two ends of a oblique line to the plane on two other oblique lines opposite but not parallel to each other. In this sense, the hypar is divided into two categories depending on whether the edges are straight or curved. In this case, all of the elements that form the surface are line segment. In addition, the directix of the hyperbolic paraboloids as the ruled surface does not need to be curved. It will be understood that, the hyperbolic paraboloid may be formed not only by the curvature (translational element) being parabola, but also by being straight line. This surface is formed by translating a parabola perpendicularly to another parabola in the opposite direction or by shifting the two ends of a line (generatrix) on curved or straight directix in different planes. Hyperbolic paraboloid is a type of anticlastic surface with double curvature. This paper showcases the application of engineering principles and material optimization, which results in a slender, lightweight and efficient structures. It also discusses the technological advancements of the geometric form and the structural principles derived from various case studies. The research would investigate the effect of minor alterations to the geometry (such as curvature) and their effect on structural efficiency. To understand the impact of geometries on their structural behavior, the research analyses various geometric typologies, evolution, structural classifications affecting their stability. This process, when exercised by a designer/ architect from the pre-design stage, forms a holistic design approach. Hence, there is a need to develop a process for designing the built mass/ geometry, which is not only governed by functional or aesthetic requirements, but also through strong principles derived from the physical forces and thus creating an efficient solution. Recent design trends indicate that the structural inputs are taken during the post-design stage (after finalizing the concept and geometric form by an architect) and this restricts the creativity of the structural engineer.

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